Oil-burner



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet l.

N. S. CLEMENT.

OIL BURNER.

No. 429,755. Pat June ,10, 1890.

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2 SheetsSheet 2.

Patented June 10, 1890.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

NATHAN S. CLEMENT, OF FLORENCE, MASSACHUSETTS.

OIL-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 429,? 55, dated June10, 1890.

Application filed June 21, 1889.

Serial No. 315,131. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, NATHAN S. CLEMENT, of Florence, in the county ofHampshire and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Oil-Burners, of which the following is a specification,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part thereof.a

My invention relates to burners for burning kerosene in lamps forilluminating purposes and in oil-stoves for cooking and other purposes,and particularly to that class of such burners in which a thin flame ofeither flat or bats-wing or annular form is produced, and in which achimney is employed, either of glass, as in the illuminating-lamp, or ofmetal, as in the lamp-stove.

The object of my invention is to provide an oil-burner in which isemployed, in connection with the usual slotted cone or deflector andperforated air-distributin g plate, a wick which need project but veryslightly, if at all, above the top of the wick-tube to give a flame ofthe usual size, thereby causing the flame to pass over the top surfacemerely of the wick and almost entirely preventing charring of the wick,which will therefore require no trimming, whereby its effective life isgreatly prolonged and a constantly-even flame and proper combustion areassured, and which will continue to burn with the same intensity untilall of the oil has been exhausted from the lampreservoir.

To these ends my invention consists in the constructions andcombinations of parts, as hereinafter indicated in the claims.

Referring to the drawings, in which like letters designate like parts inthe several figures, Figure l is a side elevation of a burner embodyingmy invention. Fig. 2 is a similar view of the cone or deflector,illustrating the manner in which the flame issues from the slot therein.Fig. 3 is a plan view of the burner. Fig. 4 is a central verticalsection thereof. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the air-distributing plate.Fig. 6 is a longitudinal central section of an oil-stove burnerembodying my invention. Fig. 7 is a cross-section, and Fig. 8 a planView, thereof.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, the letter a designates the base,I) the air-distributing plate, 0 the cone or deflector having slot 0therein, and cl a portion of the chimney, of a common form ofkerosene-lamp burner. As hereinbefore stated, these burners haveheretofore been provided with a wick and wick-tube therefor thecross-sectional area of which is less than the width of the slot 0' ofthe cone 0. In the practice of my invention I provide said burner with awick and wicktube whose area in cross-section is greater than the widthof said slot, and, as herein shown, the wick-tube e is made round incross-section to receive a round wick f. As will be observed byreference to Figs. 2 and 3, the diameter of said tube and wick issubstantially twice the width of the slot 0 in cone 0, and a wick isthus provided whose capacity for capillary attraction is many timesgreater than would be possessed by a flat wick capable of use in theburner shown. By reason of such increased capacity for supplying oil tothe flame the wick herein shown will furnish a flame with its topsurface substantially flush with the top of the wick-tube, equal to thatfurnished by a flat Wick of corresponding size when the latter iselevated to a distance of one-fourth of an inch above the top of itsWick-tube. Instead, therefore, of the flame being fed from the verticalsides of the wick, above the tube, as would be the case with the flatwick, the flame is fed entirely from the top of the wick, the flamepassing from the circular edge of the wick toward the center thereof andthence upwardly through the slot 0 in cone 0, as indicated in Fig. 2.There being an ample supply of oil at the top of the wick, owing to itsincreased cross-sectional area and correspondingly increased capillaryattraction, the top of the wick does not become charred, and hence doesnot require to be trimmed. An

occasional rubbing of the flat top surface of the wick with a cloth isall that is necessary to keep it in perfect condition for burning, andby taking care to rub said surface a from the edge of the wick towardthe center thereof, said edge will be kept perfectly even and smooth.The well-known difficulty of trimming a wick in such manner as to securea flame of the proper form to obtain a perfect combustion is thusentirely obviated, and the life of the wick is very materiallyprolonged.

The slot c in cone 0 performs the same function in connection with thewick made according to myinvention that it has heretofore performed withthe flat wick in spreading the flame, and the form of chimney heretoforeused can be employed.

3y reason of the increased capacity for capillary attraction of the wickherein shown, the flame will be maintained at its normal size until allof the oil in the lamp-reservoir is exhausted, instead of decreasing insize after substantially one-half of the oil is exhausted, as is thecase with the flat or annular wicks heretofore employed.

I have shown as the means for raising and lowering the wick within thewick-tube the usual toothed wheel g and shaft h for turning the same,but it will be obvious that other forms of devices for this purpose canbe employed, if desired.

In Figs. 0', 7, and S I have illustrated the application of my inventionto an oil-stove burner, in which on designates the body of the stove, nthe cone or deflector, 0 the wick, and 1) the wick-tube. The wick inthis case instead of being round is made oblong, but its cross-sectionalarea is sufliciently greater than the width of the slotin cone n tosecure the same results, as above described with reference to the roundwick. By reference to Fig. 7 it will be observed that the top of thewick is substantially flush with the top of the wick-tube, and that theflame passes over the top of the wick merely to and through the slot inthe cone, whereby the wick is prevented from charring and the necessityfor trimming the same is avoided.

\Vhile I have shown in connection with the lamp-burner, in Figs. 1 to 5,inclusive, a wick which is round in cross-section, I do not wish to beunderstood as limiting myself to such form, as it is obvious that awick, oval or otherwise shaped in cross-section, so long as it retainedthe same relative crosssectional area, would accomplish the samefunction as the round wick shown. Nor do I wish to limit myself to theexact shape of the cone or other parts of the burner herein shown, asmodifications therein can be made without departing from the spirit ofmy in ventiou, the essential feature of which is a burner employing inconnection with a slotted cone and a perforated air-distributing plate awick of greater cross-sectional area than the width of the slot in saidcone.

I am aware that lamp-burners having a wick-tube, the cross-sectionalarea of which is greater than the width of the slot in the cone ordeflector, have been heretofore devised; butin all such cases thewick-tube has been occupied by two wicks, or an annular viek and anintermediate air chamber or tube, so that the wick-containing area ofsaid tube in cross-section has been the same as those hereinbeforereferred toviz., less than the width of the slot in the deflector. Myinvention diifers from such previous constructions in that I provide awick-tube whose wick-contai nin g area in cross-sectionis greater thanthe width of the slot in the deflector, which area is entirely occupiedby the wick itself, and it is because of this difference in constructionthat I am enabled to dispense with an intermediate air-passage and stillsecure a good result. In this connectionI wish it to be understood thatwhile I have illustrated in the drawings a wick whose crosssectionalarea is substantially twice the width of the slot in the deflector, suchrelative proportions are not essential, as my invention comprises a wickwhose cross-sectional area exceeds in any degree the width of said slot.

I am also aware that burners having no chimney and no perforatedair-distributing plate have used a wick of slightly greatercross-sectional area than the width of the slot in the deflector; butsuch burners are entirely different in construction and operation frommine, inasmuch as there being no chimney and air-distributing plate tocreate the necessary draft, the wicks therein used cannot be made toburn entirely from the top thereof to prevent charring and obviate thenecessity of trimming the same, as is the case with that devised by me.In other words, such wicks will give a flame of any size only whenelevated considerably above the top of the wick-tube, and, consequently,the flame is fed from the vertical sides of the wick in the same manneras in the burners hereinbefore referred to.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The oil-burner herein described, having means for attaching a chimneythereto and comprising a base, a perforated air-distributing plate, aslotted cone or deflector, and a wick-tube whose wick-containing area incross-section is greater than the width of the slot in said cone ordeflector, and which area is entirely occupied by the wick,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The oil-burner herein described comprising a base, a perforatedair-distributing plate, a slotted cone or deflector, a chimney, and awick-tube which is substantially round in cross-section and whosecross-sectional area is greater than the width of the slot in said coneor deflector, said wick-tube containing a wick of corresponding shapeand size which entirely fills said tube, whereby said wick will presentat the top thereof a flattened surface of considerable area and willfeed the flame entirely at said top surface, in combination with meansfor raising and lowering said wick within said tube, substantially asset forth.

3. In an oil-burner for lamps, the combinalowering said Wick Within saidtube, arranged tion, with the base, air-distributing plate, andOperating substantially in the manner slotted cone or deflector, andchimney thereset forth.

of, of a round Wick-tube whose diameter is NATHAN S. CLEMENT. 5substantially twice the width of the slot in Witnesses:

said cone or deflector, a round. Wick closely WV. H. CHAPMAN,

fitting said tube, and means for raising and J. E. CHAPMAN.

